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The formwork is an important instrument for shaping and designing concrete surfaces. It is the formwork that „forms“ the final shape of the concrete. The point of paying timely attention to the question of which formwork, formwork sheeting and concrete to choose (“timely” meaning before the project is put out to tender) is to make matters clearer for all parties involved. Such measures may also make it possible to utilise rental formwork. However, the main influence on the appearance of the concrete surface is the concrete itself, and how it is utilised, and the release-agent that is chosen.
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This overview (source: ÖVBB Guideline “Formed concrete surfaces”, June 2002) points out the interaction between the surface of the formwork sheeting and the surface appearance of the concrete, and possible effects. However, recent research findings (by Deutsche Verbundforschung) show that the release-agent has a much greater influence on the concrete surface than this table indicates.
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When the fair-faced concrete surfaces are being planned and put out to tender, the choice of formwork system is crucial, for both economic and technical reasons. The choice made here decides whether system formwork (framed or timber-beam formwork) can be used for the structure, or whether project-specific custom solutions will be required.
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In general, three groups of formwork are differentiated; these may be used both for walls (straight/curved walls, columns) and for slabs:
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System-based framed formwork
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System-based timber-beam formwork
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Custom timber-beam formwork
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The high usage intensity, flexible handling, short forming-times, rapid delivery times and rentability of framed and pre-assembled timber-beam formworks make them extremely efficient. The big advantage of project-specifi c custom solutions is their complete adaptation to the geometry and surface of the structure to be formed. Factory pre-assembly of the formwork shutters permits short forming-times, but requires longer lead-times for the design, planning and assembly work, as well as calling for very special care at transport.
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